全球月平均高度距平场正斜压性的分析（Ⅱ）—与遥相关型的联系     

张邦林  刘洁 《南京气象学院学报》1993,16(4):439-445

利用欧洲中心全球客观分析的７层月平均位势高度距平资料，计算了几种大气环流遥相关型指数与各层位势高度距平的相关系数分布。发现：大气环流异常的正压，斜压性的地理差异与遥相关型的垂直结构关系密切。综合经验正交函数分析，结果亦然。  相似文献   

我国中低纬度地区S_q焦点的分析与研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊先宝  钱家栋  徐文耀 《地震工程学报》1993,15(4):12-22

本文利用１９８８年３月－１９８９年３月几次大的太阳活动期间我国９个台站的地磁资料，采用无穷大平板电流的等效电流体系方法，分析了我国中低纬度地区Ｓｑ焦点位置的变化特征，并对照ＫｐＤｓｔ，Ａｐ等指数给出了Ｓｑ焦点位置变化的合理解释。结构表明：（１）在不同的Ｋｐ指数段Ｓｑ焦点有不同的规律性，当Ｋｐ＜４时，随着Ｋｐ指数增大，Ｓｑ焦点向高纬方向移动；当Ｋｐ在４和６之间时，随着Ｋｐ指数增大，Ｓｑ焦点向低纬方向  相似文献   

下击暴流的雷达预警量化指标研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

罗辉  张杰  朱克云  郑佳锋  范艺  高细桥 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,73(5):853-867

下击暴流是一种局地灾害性天气现象,对航空飞行安全有极大危害,也会对地面物体造成严重损害。依据下击暴流发生前母体雷暴(下文简称雷暴)反射率因子核迅速下降的特征,基于雷达体扫数据,定义了判断下击暴流发生、发展的“单位面积等效势能”概念,并结合下击暴流期间雷暴速度场中层辐合的事实,设计得到了下击暴流出流强度公式。结果表明:(1)单位面积等效势能值的变化准确反映了雷暴强中心高度变化。(2)相邻体扫的单位面积等效势能差,反映了雷暴能量的释放量,下击暴流发生前1—2个体扫的单位面积等效势能差达到最大,这反映了下击暴流的爆发;可通过设置单位面积等效势能的释放量为30%,预警下击暴流的发生。(3)单位面积等效势能的释放能够提前6—12 min预警出下击暴流的发生,并通过出流强度公式量化由下击暴流产生的地面大风值。预警风速的误差由雷暴距雷达的距离决定,距离越近风速误差越小,反之亦然。(4)对6次下击暴流预警结果表明,该指标能够准确预警下击暴流的发生,而出流强度受雷暴识别参数的影响较大,远距离误差较大。  相似文献   

Relating equal smectite content and basal spacing to the residual friction angle of soils     

Abidin Kaya   《Engineering Geology》2009,108(3-4):252-258

The residual shear strength of soils is increasingly becoming an active research area, as landslides occur almost daily all over the world. Since Skempton published his landmark paper in 1964, several researchers proposed correlations between soil index properties and residual friction angle of soils for preliminary estimates. However, recent data gathered from Japanese colluvium soils indicate that previously proposed charts correlating soil index properties with residual friction angle yield very poor estimates. In this study, first previously published Japanese data are reevaluated to establish a theoretical foundation for such correlations. Then, it is shown that equivalent smectite content (ESC) largely controls the residual friction angle of soils. In the second stage of the paper using the data of several researchers, it is shown that there is piecewise linear correlation between the equivalent basal spacing (EBS) and the residual friction angle. This study lays down a foundation for theoretical correlation between EBS and residual friction angle of soils.  相似文献   

Influence of fines content on the undrained cyclic shear strength of sand–clay mixtures     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

A series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on sand–clay mixtures with various sand–clay mixing ratios. Prior to the primary tests, the threshold fines content was examined by consistency tests, which was found to be approximately 20%. For sand–clay mixtures with a sand-matrix (fines content less than the threshold fines content), the cyclic shear strength of low-density mixtures increases and that of high-density mixtures decreases with increasing fines content. However, for sand–clay mixtures with a fines-matrix (fines content greater than the threshold fines content), there exists a unique correlation between the cyclic shear strength and global void ratio for different fines content. The equivalent granular void ratio is introduced in this paper to account for the contribution ratio of the fines to soil skeleton. As a result, a unique relationship between cyclic shear strength and equivalent granular void ratio was observed for pure sand and sand–clay mixtures with a sand-matrix.  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of structure–soil–structure systems with an extension of the equivalent linear soil modeling     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

A three-dimensional problem of cross interaction of adjacent structures through the underlying soil under seismic ground motion is investigated. The story shears and lateral relative displacements (drifts) are the targets of the computations. These are calculated using a detailed modeling of soil, the foundations and the two adjacent structures. An equivalent linear behavior is assumed for the soil by introducing reduced mechanical properties consistent with the level of ground shaking for the free-field soil. Then a distinctive soil zone (the near-field soil) is recognized in the vicinity of the foundations where the peak shear strain under the combined effect of a severe earthquake and the presence of structures is much larger than the strain threshold up to which the soil can be modeled as an equivalent linear medium. It is shown that it is still possible to use an equivalent linear behavior for the near-field soil if its shear modulus is further reduced with a factor depending on the dynamic properties of the adjacent structures, the near-field soil, and the design earthquake. Variations of the dynamic responses of different adjacent structures with their clear distances are also discussed.  相似文献   

大地等效电容量及其测量方法     

朱旭 《地震》2015,35(4):76-82

在脉冲供电和正弦交流供电地电阻率观测研究中, 大地容性效应会引起测量误差。 本文按照电子学等效电路的方法提出了大地等效电容量的概念, 研究了大地等效电容量的测量方法, 为合理确定脉冲供电参数和减小交流地电阻率测量误差奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Rapid equivalent dose estimation for eolian dune sands using a portable OSL reader and polymineralic standardised luminescence growth curves: Expedited sample screening for OSL dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

Portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers are robust devices that allow rapid determination of luminescence signals of polymineralic coarse-grained samples. To date, however, the utility of portable OSL readers has largely been confined to the construction of luminescence profiles that depict variations of luminescence signal intensities with depth. Because the luminescence signals used to construct such profiles are uncalibrated, it is neither practical to quantitatively compare portable OSL data from different sites nor is it possible to approximate sample ages. Such comparisons could be facilitated by converting portable OSL signals into equivalent doses (D_e). However, determining D_e requires the construction of unique growth curves for each sample; a laborious procedure that negates the rapidity associated with portable measurements. To circumvent that limitation, we construct standardised growth curves (SGCs) using normalized regeneration dose signals obtained using a portable OSL reader from the feldspar component of polymineralic sands from five disparate eolian dune sites in Alberta, Canada. Comparison of SGCs from different samples indicates general congruence and we merge these to construct a regionally applicable curve which we test by comparing the D_e obtained from given samples with that obtained using conventional OSL dating protocols. Results show that, though the uncertainties associated with the portable OSL data are high, the D_e values from the two approaches are linearly proportional. This direct variation enables portable OSL SGC D_e values to be used independently in reconnaissance studies that aim to screen samples for more detailed analysis using standard OSL methods. The affordability of portable OSL readers suggests that the approach could be attractive to researchers who do not have ready access to conventional OSL readers.  相似文献   

新型框架结构弹塑性地震反应的等效线性化方法研究     

邢朋涛  梁兴文 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(4):790-800

等效线性化方法是计算结构弹塑性地震反应的实用方法.通过对几种等效线性化方法的比较分析,提出了基于FEMA440 （2005）计算等效刚度和等效阻尼比的等效线性化方法;分别采用静力弹塑性分析方法和等效线性化方法,分析了局部使用高性能纤维增强混凝土新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.结果表明,两种方法所得结构的地震反应均比较接近.因此,本文建议的等效线性化方法能够较好地预测新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.  相似文献   

利用GRACE重力卫星观测数据反演全球时变地球重力场模型   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冉将军  许厚泽  钟敏  冯伟  沈云中  张兴福  易维勇 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1032-1040

本文基于短弧长法开发了一套由低轨卫星数据解算重力场的系统ANGELS（ANalyst of Gravity Estimation with Low-orbit Satellites）,成功用GRACE Level1B数据解算出全球时变重力场模型（第一版IGG-CAS系列模型）,并与国际三大知名重力卫星相关研究机构：美国德克萨斯大学空间中心CSR （Center for Space Research）、德国GFZ地学研究中心（GeoForschungsZentrum）和美国宇航局JPL喷气推进实验室（Jet Propulsion Laboratory）发布的全球时变重力场模型（RL05模型）进行了详细的比较分析.通过每阶大地水准面差距的对比结果表明,IGG-CAS模型的精度接近RL05模型的精度.对以上四家机构在2004-2010年的时变重力场模型经过相同的去条带和高斯滤波处理,可以发现四家GRACE反演陆地水时变信号的空间分布十分接近,在长江流域反演的陆地水时变信号,两两之间的相关系数均大于0.8.通过反演撒哈拉沙漠干旱地区的时变信号来评估反演的精度水平,IGG-CAS、CSR-RL05、GFZ-RL05和JPL-RL05反演结果的均方差分别为1.5 cm、1.1 cm、1.1 cm和1.2 cm等效水柱高.综合表明IGG-CAS时变重力场反演模型的精度接近于目前国外主要机构最新公布的时变重力场模型.  相似文献